Facing the Facts
نویسنده
چکیده
This paper has two simple messages: 1. Remove overconfidence in order to make quality visible; 2. This requires earlier and more frequent review than is usually done. 'If debugging is the process of removing bugs, then programming must be the process of putting them in' Anon. Initial questions (answers later) 1) Are defects good or bad? 2) If your reviewer tells that they found no defects in a spreadsheet, is that good or bad? Introductory definitions To err is human; people make errors. In his book Human Error [3], James Reason uses 'error' as a generic term that can be categorised as slips in execution (eg typos) or mistakes in judgment (eg using the wrong word). In programming, human error creates defects (aka faults) in the software which can be immediately visible or latent. Depending on the conditions in production use, some defects may give rise to possibly many incidents of failure, and some may never be encountered. These incidents are reported by the user as fault reports, often called bug reports. Defect Density is a standard quality measure of the number of defects per thousand lines of code (KLOC) or Function Points (FP) or, in the spreadsheet domain, Unique Formulas (UF). The defect density of a product follows a cumulative curve which rises at the start as defects are created and falls later as they are found and removed. Injected Defects are defects put into the product usually due to mistakes which people make; but sometimes software is intentionally seeded with known defects in order to measure the efficiency of the review process. The Defect Injection Rate (DIR) is the percentage of work that is defective. You never know how many injected defects you have in your product – you can only estimate them from previous experience or benchmarks. Removed Defects are defects which are identified by processes such as design review, code inspection, execution test, or (most expensive of all) user experience. They are also usually classified by severity in order to prioritise the
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ورودعنوان ژورنال:
- CoRR
دوره abs/0803.3394 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2007